4月20日16:00,广播台准时传出了跨越时空的莎剧之声。由英文学院师生团队精心录制的朱生豪译莎作品诵读正式通过电波与师生见面。本次诵读由英文学院文学与创作系教学、科研主管张静静老师指导,25级英语笔译研究生姚盈盈与25级商英1班本科生韩利欣两位同学倾情演绎。在AI翻译盛行的时代,这档节目以纯粹的人声为载体,带领听众重返朱生豪先生那融合现代白话与古典诗韵的翻译世界,不仅是对这位译坛巨擘的深情致敬,更是一场关于人文温度与跨文明对话的生动实践。
朱生豪先生被誉为中国莎剧翻译的巅峰,他在民族危难之际以笔为剑,开创了莎剧的“中国化阐释”之路。本次广播诵读精选了朱生豪译作中极具代表性的九段诗体台词,涵盖《仲夏夜之梦》中的《茴香盛开的水滩》与《晚安,睡睡吧》、《维洛那二士》中的《相思夜夜飞》、《皆大欢喜》中的《罗瑟琳颂》、《奥瑟罗》中的《杨柳歌》、《无事烦恼》中的《挽诗》、《李尔王》中的《弄人的诗》、《温莎的风流娘儿们》中的《众鸟嘤鸣》,以及《终成眷属》中的《为爱忘畛域》。这些篇目或典雅或活泼、或沉痛或轻灵,生动展现了朱生豪先生以诗译诗的深厚功力,让莎翁原著的灵魂在中文语境中找到了栖息之所。
在此次诵读录制过程中,师生团队反复打磨发音、语调与情感张力,力求精准传达朱译文字背后的戏剧冲突与人物灵魂,重温朱生豪的“人文翻译”精神。朱生豪先生的译文既保留了莎剧的哲思,又赋予了汉语独特的韵律感。
1、茴香盛开的水滩
这是《仲夏夜之梦》第二幕第一场中仙王奥布朗向下属迫克布置任务时的唱词。这首诗和下面的一首都充满着童话般的情调。
我知道一处茴香盛开的水滩,
长满着樱草和盈盈的紫罗兰,
馥郁的金银花,芗泽的野蔷薇,
漫天张起了一幅芬芳的锦帷。
有时蒂泰妮娅在群花中酣醉,
柔舞清歌低低地抚着她安睡;
蛇儿在那里蜕下光洁的皮壳,
恰恰好给小神仙做一身衣服;
我要洒一点花汁在她的眼上,
让她充满了各种可憎的幻象。
其余的你带了去在林中访寻,
一个娇好的少女见弃于情人;
倘见那薄幸的青年在她近前,
就把它轻轻地点上他的眼边。
他的身上穿着雅典人的装束,
你须仔细辨认清楚,不许弄错;
小心地执行着我谆谆的吩咐,
让他无限的柔情都向她倾吐。
[“蛇儿在那里蜕下光洁的皮壳,恰恰好给小神仙做一身衣服;”此两句见于朱生豪第一次翻译的文稿中,在后来排印用的第二稿中被删节(1937年“八一三”事变时朱生豪已完成的译稿基本被毁于战火,因此只能从头重译,但后来《仲夏夜之梦》译本的第一稿意外找回,故现有两个重复译稿)。——编者]
I know a bank where the wild thyme blows,
Where oxlips and the nodding violet grows,
Quite over-canopied with luscious woodbine,
With sweet musk-roses and with eglantine:
There sleeps Titania sometime of the night,
Lull'd in these flowers with dances and delight;
And there the snake throws her enamell'd skin,
Weed wide enough to wrap a fairy in:
And with the juice of this I’ll streak her eyes,
And make her full of hateful fantasies.
Take thou some of it, and seek through this grove:
A sweet Athenian lady is in love
With a disdainful youth: anoint his eyes;
But do it when the next thing he espies
May be the lady: thou shalt know the man
By the Athenian garments he hath on.
Effect it with some care, that he may prove
More fond on her than she upon her love:
And look thou meet me ere the first cock crow.
2、晚安,睡睡吧
这是《仲夏夜之梦》第二幕第二场中众小仙给仙后蒂泰妮娅催眠时所唱的歌。
(一)
两舌的花蛇,多刺的猬,
不要打扰着她的安睡;
蝾螈和蜥蜴,不要行近,
仔细毒害了她的宁静。
夜莺,鼓起你的清弦,
为我们唱一曲催眠:
睡啦,睡啦,睡睡吧!睡啦,睡啦,睡睡吧!
一切害物远走高飏,
不要行近她的身旁;
晚安,睡睡吧!
(二)
织网的蜘蛛,不要过来;
长脚的蛛儿快快走开!
黑背的蜣螂,不许走近;
不许莽撞,蜗牛和蚯蚓。
夜莺,鼓起你的清弦,
为我们唱一曲催眠:
睡啦,睡啦,睡睡吧!睡啦,睡啦,睡睡吧!
一切害物远走高飏,
不要行近她的身旁;
晚安,睡睡吧!
You spotted snakes with double tongue,
Thorny hedgehogs, be not seen;
Newts and blindworms, do no wrong,
Come not near our fairy queen.
Philomel, with melody
Sing in our sweet lullaby;
Lulla, lulla, lullaby; lulla, lulla, lullaby:
Never harm,
Nor spell nor charm,
Come our lovely lady nigh;
So, good night, with lullaby.
Weaving spiders come not here;
Hence, you long-legg’d spinners, hence!
Beetles black, approach not near;
Worm nor snail, do no offence.
Philomel, with melody.
Sing in our sweet lullaby;
Lulla, lulla, lullaby; lulla, lulla, lullaby:
Never harm,
Nor spell nor charm,
Come our lovely lady nigh;
So, good night, with lullaby.
3、相思夜夜飞
这是《维洛那二士》第三幕第一场中米兰公爵拆念的凡伦丁写给他女儿西尔维娅的一首相约出逃的情诗,表述了青年男女之间那种既缠绵沉痛,又极其真诚的恋情。
相思夜夜飞,飞绕情人侧;
身无彩凤翼,无由见颜色。
灵犀虽可通,室迩人常遐,
空有梦魂驰,漫漫怨长夜!
My thoughts do harbour with my Silvia nightly,
And slaves they are to me that send them flying:
O, could their master come and go as lightly,
Himself would lodge where senseless they are lying!
My herald thoughts in thy pure bosom rest them:
While I, their king, that hither them importune,
Do curse the grace that with such grace hath bless'd them,
Because myself do want my servants' fortune:
I curse myself, for they are sent by me,
That they should harbour where their lord would be.
Silvia, this night I will enfranchise thee.
4、罗瑟琳颂
这是《皆大欢喜》第三幕第二场中的内容,在亚当森林中逃遁的奥兰多遏制不住对情人罗瑟琳的思念,把罗瑟琳的名字刻在树上,还写了许多赞美和表示思念罗瑟琳的情诗挂在树上,又正巧被从宫廷中逃离后也来到雅登森林的罗瑟琳看到……
从东印度到西印度找遍奇珍,
没有一颗珠玉比得上罗瑟琳。
她的名声随着好风播满诸城,
整个世界都在仰慕着罗瑟琳。
画工描摹下一幅幅倩影真真,
都要黯然无色一见了罗瑟琳。
任何的脸貌都不用铭记在心,
单单牢记住了美丽的罗瑟琳。
……
为什么这里是一片荒碛?
因为没有人居住吗?不然,
我要叫每株树长起喉舌,
吐露出温文典雅的语言:
或者慨叹着生命一何短,
匆匆跑完了游子的行程,
只需把手掌轻轻翻个转,
便早已终结人们的一生;
或是感怀着旧盟今已冷,
同心的契友忘却了故交;
但我要把最好树枝选定,
缀附在每行诗句的终梢,
罗瑟琳三个字小名美妙,
向普世的读者遍告咸知。
莫看她苗条的一身娇小,
宇宙间的精华尽萃于兹;
造物当时曾向自然昭示,
吩咐把所有的绝世姿才,
向纤纤一躯中合炉熔制,
累天工费去不少的安排;
负心的海伦[这里海伦和诗中后面提到的一些人名,都是莎士比亚作品或传说中的美女,这里使用的是朱生豪原来的译名,和现在较常用的译法有所不同。]醉人的脸蛋,
克廖佩屈拉的至尊丰容,
哀脱兰塔的柳腰儿款摆,
琉克莉细霞的节操贞松:
劳动起玉殿上诸天仙众,
造成这十全十美罗瑟琳:
荟萃了各式的艳媚万种,
选出一付俊脸目秀精神。
上天给她这般恩赐优渥,
我命该终身做她的臣仆。
From the east to western Ind,
No jewel is like Rosalind.
Her worth, being mounted on the wind,
Through all the world bears Rosalind.
All the pictures fairest lined
Are but black to Rosalind.
Let no fair be kept in mind
But the fair of Rosalind.
...
Why should this a desert be?
For it is unpeopled? No:
Tongues I'll hang on every tree,
That shall civil sayings show:
Some, how brief the life of man
Runs his erring pilgrimage,
That the stretching of a span
Buckles in his sum of age;
Some, of violated vows
'Twixt the souls of friend and friend:
But upon the fairest boughs,
Or at every sentence end,
Will I Rosalinda write,
Teaching all that read to know
The quintessence of every sprite
Heaven would in little show.
Therefore Heaven Nature charged
That one body should be filled
With all graces wide-enlarged:
Nature presently distilled
Helen's cheek, but not her heart,
Cleopatra's majesty,
Atalanta's better part,
Sad Lucretia's modesty.
Thus Rosalind of many parts
By heavenly synod was devised,
Of many faces, eyes and hearts,
To have the touches dearest prized.
Heaven would that she these gifts should have,
And I to live and die her slave.
5、杨柳歌
这是《奥瑟罗》第四幕第三场中的内容。勇武的黑人将军奥瑟罗在险恶的旗官埃古的阴谋挑拨下,对他的妻子,美丽纯洁的苔丝德蒙娜的忠贞产生了怀疑。在一次受到奥瑟罗粗暴对待后,忧伤的苔丝德蒙娜坐在床上唱起了这一首古老的悲歌。
可怜的她坐在枫树下啜泣;
歌唱那青青杨柳;
她手扶着胸膛,她低头靠膝,
唱杨柳,杨柳,杨柳。
清澈的流水吐出她的呻吟,
唱杨柳,杨柳,杨柳;
她的热泪溶化了顽石的心。
唱杨柳,杨柳,杨柳。
青青的柳枝织成一顶翠环;
(唱杨柳,杨柳,杨柳。)
The poor soul sat sighing by a sycamore tree,
Sing all a green willow;
Her hand on her bosom, her head on her knee,
Sing willow, willow, willow:
The fresh streams ran by her, and murmur'd her moans;
Sing willow, willow, willow;
Her salt tears fell from her, and soften'd the stones;—
Sing willow, willow, willow;
Sing all a green willow must be my garland;
(Sing willow, willow, willow)
6、挽诗
这是《无事烦恼》第五幕第三场中克劳狄奥为希罗唱诵的一段挽诗。克劳狄奥深爱希罗,可是就在他们准备成婚的时候因受人陷害而产生误会。相信希罗清白的亲友们将希罗暂时隐藏并假称其已经死去,当克劳狄奥得知真相时,悔恨交加,以极其悲痛的心情来到希罗的“坟堂”吊唁,并唱诵了这一段“挽诗”,诗风沉重肃穆。
青蝇玷玉[“青蝇玷玉”系采自陈子昂《宴胡楚真禁所》中的典故“青蝇一相点,白璧遂成冤”。],谗口铄金[“谗口铄金”系采自《淮南子•诠言训》中的典故“大热铄石流金,火弗为益其烈”。],嗟吾希罗,月落星沉!生蒙不虞之毁,死播百世之馨;惟令德之昭昭,斯虽死而犹生。
天长地久有时尽,此恨绵绵无绝期!(现在奏起音乐来,歌唱你们的挽诗吧。)
(歌)
惟兰蕙之幽姿兮,
遽一朝而摧焚;
风云怫郁其变色兮,
月姊掩脸而似嗔:
语月姊兮毋嗔,
听长歌兮当哭;
绕墓门而逡巡兮,
岂百身之可赎!
风瑟瑟兮云漫漫,
纷助予之悲叹;
安得起重泉之白骨兮,
及长夜之未旦!
Done to death by slanderous tongues
Was the Hero that here lies:
Death, in guerdon of her wrongs,
Gives her fame which never dies.
So the life that died with shame
Lives in death with glorious fame.
Hang thou there upon the tomb,
Praising her when I am dumb.
Now, music, sound, and sing your solemn hymn.
[sings]
Pardon, goddess of the night,
Those that slew thy virgin knight,
For the which with songs of woe
Round about her tomb they go.
Midnight, assist our moan.
Help us to sigh and groan
Heavily, heavily.
Graves, yawn and yield your dead,
Till death be utterèd,
Heavily, heavily.
7、弄人的诗
“弄人”是莎士比亚在悲剧《李尔王》中创造的一个出色的形象。原本是在王宫中专以装疯卖傻,插科打诨来取悦王公贵族的,地位低下,但实则上却不但机智幽默,而且忠诚乐观,在李尔王因其自身的荒唐决断招致不幸,沦落荒野以后,弄人始终陪伴着他。他在剧中的一些诗体台词,以民间小调“打油诗”的形式出现,看似“俗”气较重,实则充满哲理。
(一)
多积财,少摆阔;
耳多听,话少说;
少放款,多借债;
走路不如骑马快;
三言之中信一语,
多掷骰子少下注;
莫饮酒,莫嫖妓;
闭门不管他家事;
会打算的占便宜,
不会打算叹口气。(第一幕第四场)
(二)
这年头傻瓜供过于求,
聪明人个个变了糊涂。
顶着个没有思想的头,
只会跟着人依样葫芦。(第一幕第四场)
(三)
老父衣百结,
儿女不相识;
老父满囊金,
儿女尽孝心。
命运如娼妓,
贫贱遭遗弃。(第二幕第四场)
Have more than thou showest,
Speak less than thou knowest,
Lend less than thou owest,
Ride more than thou goest,
Learn more than thou trowest,
Set less than thou throwest;
Leave thy drink and thy whore,
And keep in-a-door,
And thou shalt have more
Than two tens to a score.
For you know, nuncle,
The hedge-sparrow fed the cuckoo so long,
That it had it head bit off by it young.
So out went the candle, and we were left darkling.
Winter's not gone yet,
if the wild geese fly that way.
Fathers that wear rags
Do make their children blind;
But fathers that bear bags
Shall see their children kind.
Fortune, that arrant whore,
Ne'er turns the key to th' poor.
But for all this, thou shalt have as many dolours for thy
daughters as thou canst tell in a year.
8、众鸟嘤鸣
这是《温莎的风流娘儿们》第三幕第一场修伊文牧师在野地里等待凯易斯大夫前来“决斗”(其实被人故意引岔了地方,以缓解矛盾)时的唱辞,采用的是离骚体参差句,就显得比较“雅”,以和其牧师的身份相匹配。
众鸟嘤鸣其相和兮,
临清流之潺湲,
展蔷薇之芳茵兮,
缀百花以为环。
众鸟嘤鸣其相和兮,
余独处乎巴比伦,
缀百花以为环兮,
临清流之潺湲。
To shallow rivers, to whose falls
Melodious birds sings madrigals;
There will we make our peds of roses,
And a thousand fragrant posies.
To shallow rivers, to whose falls
Melodious birds sing madrigals—
When as I sat in Pabylon—
And a thousand vagram posies.
To shallow rivers, to whose falls
Melodious birds sings madrigals.
9、为爱忘畛域
这是《终成眷属》第三幕第四场里海伦娜写给狠心丈夫的信,这是古体的五言诗,其中“弃捐勿复道”一句,用的是《古诗十九首·行行重行行》中的典。
为爱忘畛域,致触彼苍怒,
赤足礼圣真,忏悔从头误。
沙场有游子,日与死为伍,
莫以薄命故,甘受锋镝苦。
还君自由身,弃捐勿复道!
慈母在高堂,归期须及早。
为君炷瓣香,祝君永康好,
挥泪乞君恕,离别以终老。
I am Saint Jaques' pilgrim, thither gone.
Ambitious love hath so in me offended,
That barefoot plod I the cold ground upon,
With sainted vow my faults to have amended.
Write, write, that from the bloody course of war
My dearest master, your dear son, may hie.
Bless him at home in peace, whilst I from far
His name with zealous fervor sanctify.
His taken labors bid him me forgive;
I, his despiteful Juno, sent him forth
From courtly friends, with camping foes to live,
Where death and danger dogs the heels of worth.
He is too good and fair for death and me,
Whom I myself embrace, to set him free.
本次诵读作品在广播台的播出,不仅是为了铭记先贤在文化道路上的筚路蓝缕,更是在当下的技术洪流中,重申人文学科独有的创造力与情感温度。让我们再次回味这声音的盛宴,共同守护这份历久弥新的文化担当,期待经典在青春的声线中获得更长久的回响。